Ngā Whakatūpato mō ngā Tikanga Whakamahinga o te Kaukau Wera o Waho

Whakamahia te Taiao:

1. Me noho te pāmahana wai e tomo mai ana i waenga i te 0℃ me te 40°C, ā, me whakarite kia kore te wai e tio i roto i te hua. Nā te mea he iti iho i te 0°C, ka tio te wai, ā, kāore e taea te rere o te wai; ki te neke atu i te 40°C, ka puta he waehere hapa i roto i te pūnaha whakahaere (ka nui ake i te awhe pāmahana kitea o te pūnaha) ā, ka mutu te mahi a te pūnaha.

2. Ki te hiahia koe ki te waiho i te kaukau wera o waho ki raro i te -30°C, he mea pai kia tāpirihia he paparanga whakamarumaru, he uhi whakamarumaru, he whakamarumaru o te remu, tae atu ki te whakamarumaru o ngā paipa ina hoko ana.

Mō te Tiakitanga o te Pūnaha Kaukau Wera o Waho ki te Taiao Pāmahana Iti:

Ahakoa he pūnaha ā-whare, he pūnaha kawemai rānei, ka whakatakotoria te mahi tiaki pāmahana iti ki roto i te pūnaha. Ina nui te wai, ā, ka tahuri te hiko, ina iti te pāmahana ki tētahi taumata (tata ki te 5-6°C te pūnaha ā-whare, tata ki te 7°C te pūnaha kawemai), ka whakaoho i te mahi tiaki pāmahana iti o te pūnaha, kātahi ka tukuna e te pūnaha te whakamahana kia tīmata kia tae rā anō te whakamahana ki te 10 ℃, kātahi ka mutu te whakamahana.

Ngā Whakaritenga a te Kaiwhakamahi:

1. Ko te wā tāutanga o te kaukau wera o waho e taunakihia ana kia tāutahia, kia whakakāhia hoki i te mutunga o te kōanga, i te tīmatanga rānei o te ngahuru, arā, i mua i te ekenga o te pāmahana ki te 0°C.

2. Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakamahi i te takurua, kia tino nui te wai i roto i te ipuubā, me pupuri kia kā tonu kia kore ai e huka.

3. Ki te kore koe e hiahia ki te whakamahi i te takurua, me whakamahi te wai katoa i roto i teubMe tātarihia i mua, ā, tirohia mēnā he toenga wai kei roto i te papu wai, i te paipa rānei, wetekina te hononga whakauru wai i mua o te papu wai, ā, whakapūhaumātaohia kia mimiti te wai i roto i te tub.

4. Ki te hiahia koe ki te tuku wai ki roto i te kaukau wera o waho i te takurua (i raro iho rānei i te kore te pāmahana), me āhei te whakarite kia kore te wai e tomo ki rotokaukaukāore e tio i mua i te tāpirihia o te wai e tika ana, kātahi ka tahuri wawe tonu te hiko kia whakamahia noa ai.