Ukuminza kuseyinye yezimbangela eziphambili zokufa ngengozi emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezincane. Nakuba imikhankaso yomphakathi ivame ukugcizelela ukuphepha emanzini avulekile, izehlakalo eziningi zenzeka eduze kakhulu nasekhaya—emachibini angemuva, emabhavu okugeza, ngisho nasezitsheni ezincane zamanzi. Ukuvimbela ukuminza okuphumelelayo kudinga inhlanganisela yokuvikela imvelo, ukuqapha okusebenzayo, kanye nemfundo.
Okokuqala, ukudala izithiyo ezibonakalayo kubalulekile. Ucwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe luqokomisa ukuthi ucingo olunezinhlangothi ezine, oluzivalelayo, noluzibophayo oluzungeze amachibi okubhukuda lunganciphisa ingozi yokuminza ngaphezu kwesigamu. Izimbozo zamachibi okubhukuda kanye namanethi okuphepha anikeza ungqimba olwengeziwe lwesivikelo, kodwa akufanele zithathe indawo yocingo olufanele. Ngaphakathi, imindeni iyalulekwa ukuthi ithulule amanzi ebhavini namabhakede ngokushesha ngemva kokusebenzisa, futhi igcine izitsha zamanzi kude nezingane.
Okwesibili, ukuqapha kumele kube njalo futhi kuqaphelisise. I-American Academy of Pediatrics kanye ne-World Health Organization bagcizelela umqondo "wokuqapha ngokuthinta" kwezinsana nezingane ezincane—okusho ukuthi umuntu omdala kufanele ahlale eseduze nengalo lapho izingane ziseduze kwamanzi. Iziphazamiso ezifana nocingo noma imisebenzi yasekhaya yandisa kakhulu ingozi yezingozi ezingabonwa.
Okwesithathu, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokugeza amanzi kanye nokulungela izimo eziphuthumayo kusindisa izimpilo. Ukufundisa izingane ukubhukuda zisencane kuthuthukisa ukuphepha, yize izifundo kufanele zihambisane—hhayi ukufaka esikhundleni—ukuqapha okuqaphile. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abanakekeli bayazi ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo namaphaphu (CPR). I-CPR esheshayo ingaphinda kabili noma kathathu amazinga okusinda uma umuntu eminza.
Okokugcina, ubuchwepheshe bungadlala indima yokusekela. Ama-alamu echibini, amadivayisi agqokwayo, kanye nezinzwa zokunyakaza zinikeza izexwayiso lapho kungena umuntu engaqaphile. Kodwa-ke, la mathuluzi kufanele abhekwe njengezinyathelo ezengeziwe, hhayi ezithatha indawo yokuqapha kwabantu kanye nokuvikela imvelo.
Ukuvimbela ukuminza ekhaya kudinga indlela ehlukene: izithiyo zokuvimbela ukufinyelela, ukuqapha ukuvimbela izehlakalo, imfundo yokwakha ikhono, kanye nokulungela ukuphendula ngempumelelo. Isinyathelo ngasinye sodwa sinciphisa ingozi, kodwa ndawonye sakha inethi yokuphepha ephelele. Ukuvikela izimpilo akuqali ngokwesaba, kodwa ngesenzo esinolwazi—ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ahlala engumthombo wenjabulo nempilo, kunokuba kube yinhlekelele.