Mutemo wehutsanana hwemhando yemvura yedziva rekushambira

(1) Mitemo pamusoro pehutungamiriri hwehutano hwevanhu
Musi wa1 Kubvumbi, 1987, Dare reHurumende rakaburitsa Mitemo yeKutungamirwa kweHutano muNzvimbo dzeVeruzhinji, ichitonga kutungamirwa kwehutano munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye marezenisi ekutarisira hutano. Nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzinoreva mapoka manomwe enzvimbo makumi maviri nesere dzakadai semadziva ekushambira (gymnasiums), dzinoda hunhu hwemvura, mhepo, hunyoro hwemhepo shoma, tembiricha, kumhanya kwemhepo, mwenje nemwenje munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehutano hwenyika. Nyika inoshandisa sisitimu ye "rezinesi rehutano" munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, uko hunhu hwehutano husingasangane nezvinodiwa zvehutano hwenyika uye hunoramba huchishanda, dhipatimendi rekutonga hutano hweveruzhinji rinogona kuisa zvirango zvekutonga nekuzivisa.
(2) Mitemo yeKushandiswa kweMitemo yeKutungamirirwa kweHutano hweVeruzhinji
Mutemo Nhamba 80 webazi rezvehutano rekare musi wa10 Kurume, 2011 wakaburitsa Mutemo weKushandisa weHutano hweNzvimbo dzeVeruzhinji (unonzi "Mitemo" yakadzama), uye "Mitemo" yagadziriswa kekutanga muna 2016 uye kechipiri musi wa26 Zvita, 2017.
"Mitemo Yakadzama" inotaura kuti mvura yekunwa inopihwa nevashandi venzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kuvatengi inofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemutemo wenyika wehutsanana hwemvura yekunwa, uye hunhu hwemvura yemadziva ekushambira (nemakamuri everuzhinji anotonhora) inofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemutemo wenyika wehutsanana.

Vashandi venzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemitemo yehutsanana, vanofanira kuita bvunzo dzehutsanana mumhepo, mhepo diki, mvura, mwenje, mwenje, ruzha, zvinhu zvevatengi nemidziyo munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, uye bvunzo hadzifanirwe kunge dziri pasi pekamwe chete pagore; Kana mhinduro dzebvunzo dzikasasangana nezvinodiwa nemitemo yehutano, dzinofanira kugadziriswa nenguva.

Vashandi venzvimbo dzeveruzhinji vanofanira kuzivisa zvechokwadi zvabuda mubvunzo munzvimbo inoonekwa pachena. Kana mushandi wenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji asina hunyanzvi hwekuongorora, anogona kupa bvunzo.
Kana mushandi wepanzvimbo yeruzhinji aine chimwe chezviitiko zvinotevera, dhipatimendi rezvehutano hwevanhu riri pasi pehurumende yevanhu vemunharaunda kana kupfuura dunhu rinofanira kurirayira kuti rigadzirise mukati menguva yakatarwa, ripe yambiro, uye rinogona kuripa faindi isingapfuure 2,000 yuan. Kana mushandi akatadza kugadzirisa mukati menguva yakatarwa uye zvichiita kuti hutsanana munzvimbo yeruzhinji husasvike pamitemo yehutsanana nezvinodiwa, faindi isingapfuure 2,000 yuan asi isingapfuure 20,000 yuan inofanira kubhadhariswa; Kana mamiriro acho akakomba, rinogona kurairwa kuti rimise bhizinesi kuti rigadziriswe zvinoenderana nemutemo, kana kutobvisa rezenisi rayo rehutsanana:
(1) Kukundikana kuita bvunzo dzehutsanana dzemhepo, mamiriro ekunze, hunhu hwemvura, mwenje, mwenje, ruzha, zvinhu zvevatengi nemidziyo munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji zvichienderana nemitemo;
Kukundikana kuchenesa, kubvisa utachiona uye kuchenesa zvinhu zvevatengi nemidziyo zvinoenderana nemitemo, kana kushandisa zvakare zvinhu zvinoraswa.
(3) Mwero wehutsanana hwemvura yekunwa (GB5749-2016)
Mvura yekunwa zvinoreva mvura yekunwa nemvura yemumba yehupenyu hwevanhu, mvura yekunwa haifanirwe kunge iine tupukanana tunokonzera zvirwere, makemikari haafanirwe kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu, zvinhu zvine mwaranzi hazvifanirwe kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu, uye zvine hunhu hwakanaka hwekunzwa. Mvura yekunwa inofanira kucheneswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mvura yacho yakachengeteka kune vanoshandisa. Mutemo unoti mvura yese yakanyungudutswa i1000mgL, kuoma kwayo i450mg/L, uye huwandu hwese hwemakoroni ari muura hukuru hahufanirwe kuonekwa ne100CFU/mL.
(4) Mitemo yekutarisira hutano munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji (GB 17587-2019)
(Standard for Health Management in Public Places (GB 37487-2019) inobatanidza uye inonatsa zvinodiwa zvehutano zvemuyero we1996 wekupatsanurwa kwehutsanana munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji (GB 9663~ 9673-1996GB 16153-1996), uye inowedzera zviri mukutarisira hutano nehutano hwevashandi. Tsanangura zvinodiwa zvekutarisira hunhu hwemvura mumvura yedziva rekushambira nemvura yekugezera, zvichireva kuti nzvimbo dzekuchenesa nemidziyo yenzvimbo dzekushambira zvinofanira kushandiswa zvakajairika, uye mvura yekugezera yenzvimbo dzekugezera inofanira kucheneswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, kuitira kuti hunhu hwemvura yekunwa, mvura yedziva rekushambira nemvura yekugezera isvike pahutano.
1 Hunhu hwemvura isina kucheneswa inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekushambira dzekugadzira nenzvimbo dzekugezera dzinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa neGB 5749.
2 Zvivako nemidziyo zvakaita sekuchenesa kutenderera kwemvura, kubvisa utachiona uye kudzoreredza mvura mudziva rekushambira rekugadzira zvinofanira kushanda zvakajairika, uye huwandu hwakakwana hwemvura yakachena hunofanira kuwedzerwa zuva nezuva, uye kuongororwa nenguva kunofanirwa kuitwa kana zvikaitika. Hunhu hwemvura yedziva rekushambira hunofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa neGB 37488, uye mvura yakachena inofanira kupihwa nguva dzose panguva yekushanda kwedziva revana.
3 Dziva remvura rinopinzwa netsoka rakaiswa panzvimbo yekushambira rinofanira kutsiviwa kamwe chete maawa mana ega ega uchishandisa mvura yedziva, uye huwandu hwechlorine hunofanira kuchengetwa pa5 mg/L10 mg/L.
4 Kushanda kwemvura yekugeza, mapaipi emvura yekugezera, zvishandiso, nzvimbo nezvimwe zvinofanirwa kudzivirira nzvimbo dzemvura dzakafa nenzvimbo dzemvura dzisingamire, uye muromo wekugeza nepombi yemvura inopisa zvinofanira kucheneswa.
5 Mvura yekugezera inofanira kushandiswazve senzira yekuchenesa, mudziyo wekuchenesa mvura inofanira kushanda zvakanaka, uye huwandu hwakakwana hwemvura itsva hunofanira kuwedzerwa zuva nezuva munguva yebhizinesi. Hunhu hwemvura yedziva remvura hunosangana nezvinodiwa neGB 37488.
(5) Zviratidzo zvehutano uye zvinodiwa zvemiganhu munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji (GB 17588-2019)
Dziva rekushambira munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji rinobatsira veruzhinji kuti vadzidze, varaidzo, mitambo, rinowanikwa munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, vanhu vanonzwa kurira kwemaziso, kufamba kwemaziso, chirwere (kunyanya zvirwere zvinotapukira) chiri nyore kukonzera. Saka, Hurumende inogadza zviratidzo zvehutano zvinodiwa.
1 Dziva rekushambira rekugadzira

Rudzi rwemhando yemvura runofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa patafura inotevera, uye mvura isina kucheneswa nemvura yekuwedzera inofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zveGB5749
2 Dziva rekushambira rechisikigo
Nhamba yehunhu hwemvura inofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa mutafura inotevera
Mvura yekugeza mitatu
Chirwere cheLegionella pneumophila hachifanirwe kuonekwa mumvura yekugezera, kusviba kwemvura yedziva hakufanirwe kupfuura 5 NTU, mvura isina kubikwa yedziva uye mvura yekuwedzera inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zveGB 5749. Tembiricha yemvura yekugezera inofanira kunge iri pakati pe38C ne40°C.
(5) Kodhi yehutsanana yekugadzira nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji - Chikamu 3: Nzvimbo dzekushambira dzekugadzira
(GB 37489.32019, ichitsiva GB 9667-1996 zvishoma)
Mutemo uyu unodzora zvinodiwa zvekugadzira dzimba dzekushambira dzekugadzira, izvo zvakapfupikiswa seizvi:
1 Zvinodiwa Zvikuru
Vanofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa neGB 19079.1 neCJJ 122, vanofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa neGB 37489.1.
2 Kurongeka kwese uye kupatsanura kwebasa
Kuyerera kwemvura yekugadzirwa kunofanirwa kugadziriswa nedziva rekushambira, hofisi yekugezera mbatya dzinorema inopararira dziva rekushambira, chimbuzi cheveruzhinji, imba yekubata mvura uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvisina kunaka, zvichienderana neimba yekuchinjira, imba yekugezera, maitiro ekubvisa njodzi, usakanganwa imba yakakodzera, dhizaini yakanaka yedziva rekushambira. Imba yekurapa mvura nenzvimbo yekuchengetera mishonga yekuuraya utachiona hazvifanirwe kubatanidzwa nedziva rekushambira, makamuri ekuchinjira nemakamuri ekushambira. Nzvimbo dzekushambira dzekugadzirwa hadzifanirwe kuiswa mupasi.
3 monomers

(1) Dziva rekushambira, dziva rekushambira pamunhu mumwe nemumwe harifanirwe kunge riri pasi pe25 m2. Dziva revana harifanirwe kubatanidzwa nedziva revakuru, dziva revana nedziva revakuru zvinofanira kunge zvakaiswa sisitimu yemvura inotenderera nguva dzose, uye dziva rekushambira rine nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemvura yakadzika neisina kudzika rinofanira kunge rakaiswa zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekudzika kwemvura nemvura yakadzika neisina kudzika, kana kuti dziva rekushambira rinofanira kunge rakaiswa nzvimbo dzinoonekwa dzekuparadzanisa mvura yakadzika neisina kudzika.
(2) Imba yekupfekera: nzira yekupfekera inofanira kunge yakakura uye ichichengetedza kutenderera kwemhepo. Locker inofanira kunge yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakapfava, zvinodzivirira gasi uye zvisingapindi mvura.
(3) Imba yekugezera: makamuri ekugezera evarume nevakadzi anofanira kugadzirwa, uye vanhu makumi matatu pavanhu makumi maviri vanofanira kugadzirwa nemusoro weshawa.
(4) Dziva rekuchenesa ganda: Imba yekugezera inoenda padanho redziva rekushambira inofanira kuiswa nepakati pedziva rekuchenesa ganda, hupamhi hunofanira kunge hwakafanana nekoridho, kureba hakusi pasi pe2 m, kudzika hakusi pasi pe20 m Dziva rekuchenesa ganda rinofanira kunge rakashongedzwa nemvura uye mamiriro ekubvisa mvura.
(5) Imba yekuchenesa nekubvisa utachiona: kupa matauro, imba yekugezera, yekudhonza nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa neveruzhinji uye yekuzvichenesa nekubvisa utachiona, inofanira kugadzira imba yekuchenesa nekubvisa utachiona, imba yekuchenesa nekubvisa utachiona inofanira kunge iine matauro, hofisi yekugezera, boka rekudhonza nedziva rekuchenesa nekubvisa utachiona.
(6) Dura remakenduru: rinofanira kunge rakagadzikwa roga, uye rinofanira kunge riri pedyo nenzira yechipiri muchivako uye imba yekuyera mvura, madziro, pasi, magonhi nemahwindo zvinofanira kunge zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisingatsvedzere marara, zviri nyore kuchenesa. Nzvimbo dzemvura nedzekudhonza mvura dzinofanira kunge dziripo uye nzvimbo dzekugezesa maziso dzinofanira kunge dziripo.
Nzvimbo ina dzekuchenesa mvura dzedziva
(1) Chiyero chemvura chakakosha chekuyera kudzorerwa kwedziva rekushambira chinofanira kuiswa
(2) Zvakakodzera kuisa mudziyo wekurekodha wepaindaneti unoongorora mvura uri kure
(3) Kutenderera kwemvura mudziva hakufanirwe kudarika maawa mana.
(4) Muchina wekutarisa oxygen yasara, turbidity, pH, REDOX potential nezvimwe zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kuiswa, uye nzvimbo yekutarisa papombi yemvura inotenderera inofanira kuiswa mushure mepombi yemvura inotenderera isati yatanga kushandiswa michina yekuyerera.Nzvimbo yekutarisa papombi yemvura inotenderera inofanira kunge iri: usati waisa flocculant.
(5) Muchina weokisijeni unofanira kuiswa, uye chlorinator inofanira kunge iine mvura isingapindiki ine kumanikidzwa kwakasimba, uye kushanda kwayo nekumira kwayo zvinofanira kunge zvakabatana nekushanda nekumira kwepombi yemvura inotenderera.
(6) Mugero wekuuraya utachiona unofanira kunge uri pakati penzvimbo inobuda mvura yemudziva rekushambira inochenesa nekusefa nemvura nepanobuda mvura yedziva rekushambira.
(7) Midziyo yekuchenesa inotenderera haifanirwe kubatanidzwa nemvura yekugeza nemapombi emvura yekunwa.
(8) Nzvimbo yekuchenesa midziyo yekuchenesa inofanira kunge iri parutivi rwedziva rekushambira, panofanira kunge paine zviratidzo zvekunyevera.
(9) Imba yekuchenesa mvura yedziva rekushambira inofanira kunge ine mudziyo wekuona uye wekuyambira unoenderana nekucheneswa, kupiswa kwemvura uye kudziyiswa kwemvura yedziva. Uye isa chiratidzo chakajeka.
(10) Muchina wekusefa bvudzi unofanira kupihwa.
Zviri muchinyorwa chino zvakavakirwa pakunzwisisa kwemunhu mitemo nemitemo uye zvakaunganidzwa kuti zviverengerwe nevaverengi chete. Ndapota tarisai magwaro epamutemo emasangano akakodzera ehurumende.