Ikhodi yokuhlanzeka yekhwalithi yamanzi echibini lokubhukuda ejwayelekile

(1) Imithethonqubo yokuphathwa kwezempilo yomphakathi
Ngomhlaka-1 kuMbasa 1987, uMkhandlu Kahulumeni wamemezela iMithethonqubo Yokuphathwa Kwezempilo Ezindaweni Zomphakathi, elawula ukuphathwa kwezempilo ezindaweni zomphakathi kanye nokunikezwa kwelayisensi yokuphathwa kwezempilo. Izindawo zomphakathi zibhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezi-7 zezindawo ezingama-28 ezifana namachibi okubhukuda (izindawo zokuzivocavoca), ezidinga ikhwalithi yamanzi, umoya, umswakama omncane womoya, izinga lokushisa, isivinini somoya, ukukhanya kanye nokukhanya ezindaweni zomphakathi kufanele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso nezimfuneko zezempilo zikazwelonke. Umbuso usebenzisa uhlelo "lwelayisensi yezempilo" lwezindawo zomphakathi, lapho ikhwalithi yezempilo ingahlangabezani nezindinganiso nezimfuneko zezempilo zikazwelonke futhi iqhubeka nokusebenza, umnyango wokuphatha wezempilo yomphakathi ungabeka izinhlawulo zokuphatha kanye nokukhangisa.
(2) Imithetho Yokusetshenziswa Kwemithethonqubo Yokuphathwa Kwezempilo Yomphakathi
I-oda No. 80 yoMnyango Wezempilo wangaphambilini ngoMashi 10, 2011 yakhipha iMithetho Yokusebenzisa Ukuphathwa Kwezempilo Kwezindawo Zomphakathi (ebizwa ngokuthi “Imithetho” eningiliziwe lapha), kanti “Imithetho” manje isichitshiyelwe okokuqala ngo-2016 kanye nokwesibili ngoDisemba 26, 2017.
“Imithetho Eningiliziwe” ibeka ukuthi amanzi okuphuza anikezwa ngabasebenzi bezindawo zomphakathi kumakhasimende kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zezindinganiso zezwe zokuhlanzeka zamanzi okuphuza, kanti ikhwalithi yamanzi emachibi okubhukuda (namagumbi omphakathi abandayo) kufanele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zezwe zokuhlanzeka kanye nezidingo.

Abaqhubi bezindawo zomphakathi, ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezindinganiso nemigomo yokuhlanzeka, kufanele benze izivivinyo zokuhlanzeka emoyeni, emoyeni omncane, ekhwalithini yamanzi, ekukhanyeni, ekukhanyeni, emsindweni, ezintweni zamakhasimende kanye nezinto zikagesi ezindaweni zomphakathi, futhi izivivinyo akufanele zibe ngaphansi kwesisodwa ngonyaka; Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingahlangabezani nezidingo zezindinganiso nemigomo yezempilo, kufanele ilungiswe ngesikhathi.

Abaqhubi bezindawo zomphakathi kufanele bamemezele imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngeqiniso endaweni evelele. Uma umqhubi wendawo yomphakathi engenalo ikhono lokuhlola, angaphathisa ukuhlolwa.
Lapho umqhubi wendawo yomphakathi enanoma yiziphi izimo ezilandelayo, umnyango wokuphatha wezempilo yomphakathi ngaphansi kukahulumeni wabantu bendawo ezingeni lesifunda noma ngaphezulu kwalo uzowuyalela ukuthi wenze izilungiso ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, umnikeze isixwayiso, futhi angabeka inhlawulo engengaphezu kuka-2,000 yuan. Uma umqhubi ehluleka ukwenza izilungiso ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe futhi ebangela ukuthi ikhwalithi yokuhlanzeka endaweni yomphakathi yehluleke ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso nezidingo zokuhlanzeka, kuzobekwa inhlawulo engengaphansi kuka-2,000 yuan kodwa engengaphezu kuka-20,000 yuan; Uma izimo zimbi kakhulu, angayalelwa ukuthi amise ibhizinisi ukuze kulungiswe ngokomthetho, noma asuse ngisho nelayisensi yakhe yokuhlanzeka:
(1) Ukwehluleka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuhlanzeka komoya, isimo sezulu esincane, ikhwalithi yamanzi, ukukhanyisa, ukukhanyisa, umsindo, izimpahla zamakhasimende kanye nezinto zikagesi ezindaweni zomphakathi ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo;
Ukwehluleka ukuhlanza, ukubulala amagciwane nokuhlanza izimpahla zamakhasimende kanye nezinto zikagesi ngokuhambisana nemithetho, noma ukusebenzisa kabusha izinto zikagesi ezilahlwayo.
(3) Izinga lokuhlanzeka kwamanzi okuphuza (GB5749-2016)
Amanzi okuphuza abhekisela emanzini okuphuza namanzi asekhaya okuphila komuntu, amanzi okuphuza akufanele aqukathe amagciwane abangela izifo, izinto zamakhemikhali akufanele zilimaze impilo yomuntu, izinto ezinemisebe ngeke zilimaze impilo yomuntu, futhi zibe nezakhiwo ezinhle zokuzwa. Amanzi okuphuza kufanele ahlanzwe amagciwane ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuphuza kwabasebenzisi. Indinganiso ibeka ukuthi isithako esiphelele esincibilikisiwe singama-1000mgL, ubulukhuni obuphelele bungama-450mg/L, kanye nenani eliphelele lamakholoni emathunjini amakhulu ngeke litholakale nge-100CFU/mL.
(4) Izindinganiso zokuphathwa kwezempilo ezindaweni zomphakathi (GB 17587-2019)
(I-Standard for Health Management in Public Places (GB 37487-2019) ihlanganisa futhi ithuthukise izidingo zezempilo ezivamile zendinganiso ka-1996 yokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zomphakathi okuhlanzekile (GB 9663~ 9673-1996GB 16153-1996), futhi yengeza okuqukethwe ukuphathwa kwezempilo kanye nempilo yabasebenzi. Cacisa izidingo zokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi echibini lokubhukuda namanzi okugeza, okudinga ukuthi izindawo zokuhlanzeka nemishini yezindawo zokubhukuda kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile, futhi amanzi okugeza ezindawo zokugeza kufanele ahlanzwe ngokwesimo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza, amanzi echibini lokubhukuda namanzi okugeza ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zezempilo.
1 Ikhwalithi yamanzi aluhlaza asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokubhukuda zokwenziwa kanye nezindawo zokugeza kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ze-GB 5749.
2 Izakhiwo nemishini efana nokuhlanzwa kokujikeleza kwamanzi, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokugcwalisa amanzi echibini lokubhukuda elenziwe kufanele kusebenze ngendlela evamile, futhi kufanele kwengezwe inani elanele lamanzi ahlanzekile nsuku zonke, futhi kufanele kuhlolwe ngesikhathi esifanele uma kwenzeka. Ikhwalithi yamanzi echibini lokubhukuda kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ze-GB 37488, futhi amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele ahlinzekwe njalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwechibi lezingane.
3 Ichibi lokuhlanza amagciwane elifakwe endaweni yokubhukuda eliphoqelekile kufanele lishintshwe kanye njalo emahoreni ama-4 kusetshenziswa amanzi echibi ngokujwayelekile, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine eseleyo yamahhala kufanele kugcinwe ku-5 mg/L10 mg/L.
4 Ukusebenza kwamanzi okugeza, amapayipi okugeza, imishini, izikhungo kanye nezinye izinhlelo kufanele kugweme izindawo zamanzi afile kanye nezindawo zamanzi amile, futhi umlomo weshawa kanye nempompi yamanzi ashisayo kufanele kugcinwe kuhlanzekile.
5 Amanzi okugeza kufanele aphinde ahlanzwe, idivayisi yokuhlanza ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kufanele isebenze kahle, futhi kufanele kufakwe inani elanele lamanzi amasha nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sebhizinisi. Ikhwalithi yamanzi echibini ihlangabezana nezidingo ze-GB 37488.
(5) Izinkomba zezempilo kanye nezidingo zomkhawulo zezindawo zomphakathi (GB 17588-2019)
Ichibi lokubhukuda ezindaweni zomphakathi liwukunikeza umphakathi ithuba lokufunda, ukuzijabulisa, inkundla yezemidlalo, ligxile ezindaweni zomphakathi, i-alamu yokuxhumana nabantu ehlobene, ukuhamba kwamehlo, ukusabalala kwezifo (ikakhulukazi izifo ezithelelanayo). Ngakho-ke, uHulumeni ubeka izinkomba zezempilo ezidingekayo kanye nezidingo.
1 Ichibi lokubhukuda elenziwe ngokwenziwa

Inkomba yekhwalithi yamanzi kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zethebula elilandelayo, kanti amanzi angavuthiwe kanye namanzi engeziwe kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ze-GB5749
Ichibi lokubhukuda lemvelo eli-2
Inkomba yekhwalithi yamanzi kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezikuthebula elilandelayo
Amanzi okugeza angu-3
I-Legionella pneumophila akufanele itholakale emanzini okugeza, ukugcwala kwamanzi okugeza akufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-5 NTU, amanzi okugeza amanzi angavuthiwe kanye namanzi engeziwe kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ze-GB 5749. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi okugeza kufanele libe phakathi kuka-38C no-40°C.
(5) Ikhodi yokuhlanzeka yokuklama izindawo zomphakathi – Ingxenye 3: Izindawo zokubhukuda zokwenziwa
(GB 37489.32019, ithatha indawo ye-GB 9667-1996 ngokwengxenye)
Leli zinga lilawula izidingo zokuklama izindawo zokubhukuda zokwenziwa, ezifingqiwe kanje:
1 Izidingo Eziyisisekelo
Kufanele bahambisane nezidingo ze-GB 19079.1 kanye ne-CJJ 122, futhi kufanele bahambisane nezidingo ze-GB 37489.1.
2 Ukuhlelwa okuphelele kanye nokuhlukanisa umsebenzi
Ukugeleza kokuphela kokwenziwa kufanele kubekwe yichibi lokubhukuda, ihhovisi lokuwasha izingubo ezisindayo ichibi lokubhukuda, indlu yangasese yomphakathi, igumbi lokuphatha amanzi kanye nezindawo zokugcina izinto ezikhethekile, ngokusho kwegumbi lokushintshela, igumbi lokuwasha, indlela uhlelo olususa ngayo umonakalo ungalokothi ukhohlwe igumbi elifanele ukwakheka okunengqondo kwechibi lokubhukuda. Igumbi lokwelapha amanzi kanye nendawo yokugcina amagciwane akufanele kuxhunywe nechibi lokubhukuda, amakamelo okushintshela kanye namakamelo okugeza. Izindawo zokubhukuda zokwenziwa akufanele zibekwe ephansi.
Ama-monomer angu-3

(1) Ichibi lokubhukuda, ichibi lokubhukuda ngomuntu ngamunye akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-25 m2. Ichibi lezingane akufanele lixhunywe nechibi labantu abadala, ichibi lezingane kanye nechibi labantu abadala kufanele kubekwe uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi oluqhubekayo, kanye nechibi lokubhukuda elinezindawo ezahlukene zamanzi ajulile naphansi kufanele kubekwe izimpawu ezisobala zokujula kwamanzi namanzi ajulile naphansi, noma ichibi lokubhukuda kufanele libekwe izindawo ezicacile zokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi ajulile naphansi.
(2) Igumbi lokugqoka: indlela yegumbi lokugqoka kufanele ibe banzi futhi igcine ukujikeleza komoya kuvulekile. Ilokha kufanele yenziwe ngezinto ezibushelelezi, ezilwa negesi kanye nezingangeni manzi.
(3) Igumbi lokugeza: kufanele kubekwe amakamelo okugeza abesilisa nabesifazane, futhi abantu abangu-30 kubantu abangu-20 kufanele babekwe nekhanda lokugeza.
(4) Ichibi lokuhlanza amagciwane elisekucwilweni kwezinyawo: Igumbi lokugeza eliya endaweni yokubhukuda kufanele lifakwe ngenkani echibini lokuhlanza amagciwane elisekucwilweni kwezinyawo, ububanzi kufanele bufane nomzila, ubude bungabi ngaphansi kwamamitha amabili, ukujula bungabi ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-20 ichibi lokuhlanza amagciwane elicwiliswe emanzini kufanele libe nezimo zokuhambisa amanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi.
(5) Igumbi lokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane: ukuhlinzeka ngamathawula, indlu yokugezela, indawo yokuhudula kanye nezinye izinto zikahulumeni kanye nokuzihlanza kanye nokubulala amagciwane, kufanele kumiswe igumbi lokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane elikhethekile, igumbi lokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane kufanele libe namathawula, ihhovisi lokugeza, iqembu lokudonsa kanye nelinye ichibi lokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane elikhethekile
(6) Indawo yokugcina amagciwane: kufanele ibekwe yodwa, futhi kufanele ibe seduze nomgwaqo wesibili esakhiweni futhi igumbi lokulinganisa legumbi lokwelapha amanzi, izindonga, phansi, iminyango namafasitela kufanele lenziwe ngezinto ezingangeni ukungcola, ezilula ukuzihlanza. Kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngamanzi kanye nezindawo zokukhipha amanzi kanye nezindawo zokuhlanza amehlo.
Izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi echibini ezine
(1) Kufanele kufakwe imitha yamanzi ekhethekile yokulinganisa ukugcwaliswa kwechibi lokubhukuda
(2) Kuyafaneleka ukufaka idivayisi yokuqopha ekude yokuqapha amanzi
(3) Umjikelezo wamanzi echibini akufanele udlule amahora ama-4.
(4) Idivayisi yokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi eku-inthanethi ye-oxygen esele, i-turbidity, i-pH, amandla e-REDOX nezinye izinkomba kufanele isethwe, futhi indawo yokuqapha epayipini lamanzi elijikelezayo kufanele isethwe ngemva kwephampu yamanzi ejikelezayo ngaphambi kwenqubo yemishini yokugeleza.Indawo yokuqapha epayipini lamanzi elijikelezayo kufanele ibe: ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-flocculant.
(5) Kufanele kufakwe i-oxygenator, futhi i-chlorinator kufanele ibe nomthombo wamanzi ongaphazanyiswa onomfutho oqinile, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokuma kwayo kufanele kuxhumene nokusebenza kanye nokuma kwephampu yamanzi ejikelezayo.
(6) Indawo yokungena yokubulala amagciwane kufanele ibekwe phakathi kwendawo yokukhipha amanzi yedivayisi yokuhlanza amanzi nokuhlunga ichibi lokubhukuda kanye nendawo yokukhipha amanzi echibini lokubhukuda.
(7) Imishini yokuhlanza ejikelezayo akufanele ixhunywe emanzini okugeza kanye namapayipi amanzi okuphuza.
(8) Indawo, lapho kuhlanzwa khona ukugcwalisa, indawo yokubulala amagciwane kufanele ibekwe ohlangothini lomoya oluya phansi kwechibi lokubhukuda bese kubekwa izimpawu zokuxwayisa.
(9) Igumbi lokuhlanza amanzi echibini lokubhukuda kufanele lifakwe idivayisi yokuthola kanye ne-alamu ehambisana nokuhlanzwa, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokushisa kwamanzi echibini. Futhi beka ukuhlonza okucacile.
(10) Kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngedivayisi yokuhlunga izinwele.
Okuqukethwe okuchazwe kulesi sihloko kusekelwe kuphela ekuqondeni komuntu siqu izindinganiso zomthetho kanye nemigomo futhi kuhlanganiswe ukuze kubhekiselwe kubafundi kuphela. Sicela ubheke imibhalo esemthethweni yezinhlaka zokuphatha ezifanele zombuso.