Ikhowudi yomgangatho wococeko lwamanzi edamini lokuqubha
(1) Imigaqo yokulawulwa kwempilo yoluntu
Ngomhla woku-1 ku-Epreli, ngo-1987, iBhunga leSizwe lapapasha iMithetho yoLawulo lwezeMpilo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, elawula ulawulo lwezempilo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kunye nelayisenisi yokulawulwa kwezempilo. Iindawo zikawonke-wonke zibhekisa kwiindidi ezi-7 zeendawo ezingama-28 ezifana namachibi okudada (iigymnasium), ezifuna umgangatho wamanzi, umoya, umswakama omncinci womoya, ubushushu, isantya somoya, ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kufuneka kuhlangabezane nemigangatho yezempilo yesizwe kunye neemfuno. Urhulumente usebenzisa inkqubo "yelayisenisi yezempilo" kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, apho umgangatho wezempilo ungahlangabezani nemigangatho yezempilo yesizwe kunye neemfuno kwaye uqhubeka nokusebenza, isebe lolawulo lwezempilo yoluntu linokubeka izohlwayo zolawulo kunye nokwazisa.
(2) Imithetho yokuphunyezwa kweMimiselo yoLawulo lwezeMpilo kaRhulumente
Umyalelo Nombolo 80 woMphathiswa wezeMpilo wangaphambili nge-10 kaMatshi 2011 wakhupha iMithetho yokuSebenza yoLawulo lwezeMpilo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke (ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Mithetho" eneenkcukacha), kwaye "iMithetho" ngoku ilungisiwe okokuqala ngo-2016 kwaye okwesibini nge-26 kaDisemba 2017.
"Imithetho eneenkcukacha" ichaza ukuba amanzi okusela anikezelwa ngabaqhubi beendawo zikawonke-wonke kubathengi kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno zemigangatho yococeko yesizwe yamanzi okusela, kwaye umgangatho wamanzi emachibini okudada (kunye namagumbi okupholisa kawonke-wonke) kufuneka ahlangabezane nemigangatho yococeko yesizwe kunye neemfuno.
Abaqhubi beendawo zikawonke-wonke, ngokuhambelana neemfuno zemigangatho yococeko kunye nemimiselo, kufuneka benze uvavanyo lococeko emoyeni, emoyeni omncinci, kumgangatho wamanzi, ekukhanyiseni, ekukhanyiseni, engxolweni, kwizinto zabathengi nakwizixhobo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kwaye uvavanyo aluyi kuba ngaphantsi kwesihlandlo esinye ngonyaka; Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo azihlangabezani neemfuno zemigangatho yezempilo kunye nemimiselo, ziya kulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Abaqhubi beendawo zikawonke-wonke kufuneka bapapashe iziphumo zovavanyo ngokunyanisekileyo kwindawo ebonakalayo. Ukuba umqhubi wendawo kawonke-wonke akanalo ikhono lokuvavanya, unokunika igunya lokuvavanya.
Apho umqhubi wendawo kawonke-wonke enenye yezi meko zilandelayo, isebe lolawulo lezempilo yoluntu phantsi korhulumente wabantu basekuhlaleni kwinqanaba lesithili okanye ngaphezulu kwalo liya kuyiyalela ukuba yenze izilungiso ngaphakathi kwexesha elithile, liyinike isilumkiso, kwaye lingayihlawulisa isohlwayo esingaphantsi kwe-2,000 yuan. Ukuba umqhubi akaphumeleli ukwenza izilungiso ngaphakathi kwexesha elimiselweyo kwaye abangele ukuba umgangatho wococeko kwindawo kawonke-wonke ungahlangabezani nemigangatho kunye neemfuno zococeko, kuya kufuneka ahlawuliswe isohlwayo esingaphantsi kwe-2,000 yuan kodwa esingaphantsi kwe-20,000 yuan; Ukuba iimeko zimbi kakhulu, inokuyalelwa ukuba imise ishishini ukuze lilungiswe ngokomthetho, okanye irhoxise nelayisenisi yayo yococeko:
(1) Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza uvavanyo lococeko lomoya, imozulu encinci, umgangatho wamanzi, izibane, izibane, ingxolo, izinto zabathengi kunye nezixhobo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ngokuhambelana nemigaqo;
Ukungaphumeleli ukucoca, ukubulala iintsholongwane nokucoca izixhobo zabathengi ngokwemigaqo, okanye ukusebenzisa kwakhona izixhobo ezilahlwayo.
(3) Umgangatho wococeko wamanzi okusela (GB5749-2016)
Amanzi okusela abhekisa emanzini okusela namanzi asekhaya obomi bomntu, amanzi okusela akufuneki abe neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo, izinto zeekhemikhali aziyi konakalisa impilo yomntu, izinto ezinemisebe aziyi konakalisa impilo yomntu, kwaye zineempawu ezintle zokuva. Amanzi okusela kufuneka abulawe iintsholongwane ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusela kubasebenzisi. Umgangatho umisela ukuba isinyibilikisi esipheleleyo yi-1000mgL, ubunzima obupheleleyo yi-450mg/L, kwaye inani lilonke lamakholoni kumathumbu amakhulu aliyi kubonwa nge-100CFU/mL.
(4) Imigangatho yolawulo lwezempilo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke (GB 17587-2019)
(Umgangatho woLawulo lwezeMpilo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke (GB 37487-2019) udibanisa kwaye uphucula iimfuno zempilo eziqhelekileyo zomgangatho ka-1996 wokwahlulwahlulwa kweendawo zikawonke-wonke (GB 9663~ 9673-1996GB 16153-1996), kwaye wongeza umxholo wolawulo lwezempilo kunye nempilo yabasebenzi. Cacisa iimfuno zolawulo lomgangatho wamanzi echibini lokudada kunye namanzi okuhlamba, ufuna ukuba izixhobo zococeko kunye nezixhobo zeendawo zokudada zisetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye amanzi okuhlamba eendawo zokuhlamba kufuneka ahlanjululwe ngokwemeko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wamanzi wamanzi okusela, amanzi echibini lokudada kunye namanzi okuhlamba uhlangabezana nemigangatho yezempilo.
1 Umgangatho wamanzi asetyenziswa kwiindawo zokudada ezenziweyo nakwiindawo zokuhlambela kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno ze-GB 5749.
2 Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezinje ngokucoca ukujikeleza kwamanzi, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokugcwalisa amanzi kwidama lokudada elenziweyo kufuneka zisebenze ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka kongezwe amanzi acocekileyo aneleyo yonke imihla, kwaye kufuneka kuhlolwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo xa oko kwenzeka. Umgangatho wamanzi edama lokudada kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno ze-GB 37488, kwaye amanzi acocekileyo kufuneka anikezelwe rhoqo ngexesha lokusebenza kwedama lokudada labantwana.
3 Idama lokucoca iintsholongwane elifakwe kwindawo yokudada elinyanzeliswayo kufuneka litshintshwe kube kanye emva kweeyure ezi-4 kusetyenziswa amanzi edama ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye umxholo we-chlorine oseleyo kufuneka ugcinwe kwi-5 mg/L10 mg/L.
4 Ukusebenza kwamanzi eshawa, imibhobho yamanzi okuhlamba, izixhobo, izixhobo kunye nezinye iinkqubo kufuneka kuthintelwe iindawo zamanzi afileyo kunye neendawo zamanzi angashukumiyo, kwaye umlomo weshawa kunye nempompo yamanzi ashushu kufuneka zigcinwe zicocekile.
5 Amanzi okuhlamba kufuneka aphinde asetyenziswe ekucoceni, isixhobo sokucoca ukuphinda sisetyenziswe kufuneka sisebenze ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka kongezwe amanzi amatsha aneleyo yonke imihla ngexesha leshishini. Umgangatho wamanzi echibini uyahlangabezana neemfuno ze-GB 37488.
(5) Izalathisi zempilo kunye neemfuno zomda kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke (GB 17588-2019)
Ichibi lokuqubha kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke lenzelwe ukubonelela uluntu ngemfundo, ukuzonwabisa, imidlalo, ligxile kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, i-alamu yokunxibelelana kwabantu rhoqo, ukuhamba kwamehlo, ukusasazeka kwezifo (ingakumbi izifo ezosulelayo). Ke ngoko, uRhulumente umisela izalathisi kunye neemfuno zempilo eziyimfuneko.
1 Ichibi lokudada elenziweyo
Isalathisi somgangatho wamanzi kufuneka sihlangabezane neemfuno zetheyibhile elandelayo, kwaye amanzi aluhlaza kunye namanzi ongezelelweyo kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ze-GB5749
Ichibi lokudada lendalo eli-2
Isalathisi somgangatho wamanzi kufuneka sihlangabezane neemfuno ezikwitheyibhile elandelayo
Amanzi okuhlamba ama-3
I-Legionella pneumophila akufuneki ibonwe emanzini okuhlamba, ukuxinana kwamanzi edama akufuneki kube ngaphezu kwe-5 NTU, amanzi aluhlaza edama kunye namanzi ongezelelweyo kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ze-GB 5749. Ubushushu bamanzi ebhafu kufuneka bube phakathi kwe-38C kunye ne-40°C.
(5) Ikhowudi yococeko yoyilo lweendawo zikawonke-wonke – Icandelo 3: Iindawo zokudada ezenziweyo
(GB 37489.32019, ithatha indawo yeGB 9667-1996 ngokuyinxenye)
Lo mgangatho ulawula iimfuno zoyilo lweendawo zokubhukuda ezenziweyo, ezishwankathelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1 Iimfuno eziSiseko
Kufuneka bathobele iimfuno ze-GB 19079.1 kunye ne-CJJ 122, kwaye bathobele iimfuno ze-GB 37489.1.
2 Uyilo olupheleleyo kunye nolwahlulo lomsebenzi
Ukuhamba kokuphela kokwenziwa kufuneka kumiselwe yidama lokudada, igumbi lokuhlamba impahla enzima, iofisi yokuhlamba impahla enzima, igumbi lokuhlambela likawonke-wonke, igumbi lokuphatha amanzi kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto ezikhethekileyo, ngokwegumbi lokutshintshela, igumbi lokuhlamba, indlela inkqubo yokususa umonakalo ungaze ulibale igumbi elifanelekileyo. Igumbi lokucoca amanzi kunye nendawo yokugcina izibulali-ntsholongwane akufuneki ziqhagamshelwe nedama lokudada, amagumbi okutshintshela kunye namagumbi okuhlamba. Iindawo zokubhukuda zokwenziwa akufuneki zibekwe kwigumbi elingaphantsi.
Iimonomers ezi-3
(1) Ichibi lokudada, ichibi lokudada ngomntu ngamnye akufuneki libe ngaphantsi kwe-25 m2. Ichibi labantwana akufuneki lidityaniswe nechibi labantu abadala, ichibi labantwana kunye nechibi labantu abadala kufuneka limiselwe inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi eqhubekayo, kwaye ichibi lokudada elineendawo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi anzulu nangaphantsi kufuneka limiselwe iimpawu ezicacileyo zesilumkiso sobunzulu bamanzi kunye namanzi anzulu nangaphantsi, okanye ichibi lokudada kufuneka limiselwe iindawo ezicacileyo zokwahlukanisa amanzi anzulu nangaphantsi.
(2) Igumbi lokunxiba: indlela yegumbi lokunxiba mayibe banzi kwaye igcine umoya ujikeleza. Ilokha kufuneka yenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo, ezilwa negesi nezingenamanzi.
(3) Igumbi lokuhlambela: kufuneka kubekwe amagumbi okuhlambela amadoda nabafazi, kwaye abantu abangama-30 kubantu abangama-20 kufuneka babekwe kunye nentloko yokuhlamba.
(4) Ichibi lokucoca iintsholongwane kwi-foot dip: Igumbi lokuhlambela eliya kwindawo yokubhukuda kufuneka libekwe ngokunyanzelwa lidlule kwi-foot dip dip dip, ububanzi bufanele bufane nepaseji, ubude bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-2 m, ubunzulu bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-20 m ichibi lokucoca iintsholongwane kwi-inclusive kufuneka lixhotyiswe ngeemeko zokuhambisa amanzi kunye nokukhupha amanzi.
(5) Igumbi lokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane: ukubonelela ngeetawuli, ibhafu, idrayivu kunye nezinye izixhobo zikawonke-wonke kunye nokuzicoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, kufuneka kusekwe igumbi lokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane elikhethekileyo, igumbi lokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka libe neetawuli, iofisi yokuhlamba, iqela lokutsala kunye nedama lokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane elikhethekileyo.
(6) Indawo yokugcina iintsholongwane: kufuneka ibekwe yodwa, kwaye kufuneka ibe kufutshane nendlela yesibini kwisakhiwo kwaye igumbi lokulinganisa legumbi lokucoca amanzi, iindonga, imigangatho, iingcango kunye neefestile kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokungcola kwenkunkuma, ezilula ukuzicoca. Kufuneka kubonelelwe ngezixhobo zokubonelela ngamanzi kunye nezokukhupha amanzi kwaye kufuneka kubonelelwe ngezixhobo zokucoca amehlo.
Iindawo zokucoca amanzi echibini ezine
(1) Kufuneka kufakwe imitha yamanzi ekhethekileyo yokulinganisa ukuphinda kuzaliseke idama lokudada
(2) Kulungile ukufaka isixhobo sokurekhoda kwi-intanethi esisebenzisa imitha yamanzi ekude
(3) Umjikelo wamanzi edamini akufuneki udlule iiyure ezi-4.
(4) Isixhobo sokujonga umgangatho wamanzi kwi-intanethi se-oxygen eseleyo, i-turbidity, i-pH, i-REDOX potential kunye nezinye izalathisi kufuneka zimiselwe, kwaye indawo yokujonga kumbhobho wamanzi ojikelezayo kufuneka imiselwe emva kwepompo yamanzi ejikelezayo ngaphambi kwenkqubo yesixhobo sokuhamba kwamanzi.
Indawo yokubeka esweni umbhobho wamanzi ojikelezayo kufuneka ibe: ngaphambi kokuba kongezwe i-flocculant.
(5) Kufuneka kufakwe i-oxygenator, kwaye i-chlorinator kufuneka ibe nomthombo wamanzi ongaphazanyiswayo onoxinzelelo oluzinzileyo, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuma kwayo kufuneka kudityaniswe nokusebenza kunye nokuma kwepompo yamanzi ejikelezayo.
(6) Umnyango wokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka ube phakathi kwendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi yesixhobo sokucoca amanzi kunye nokucoca amanzi edamini lokudada kunye nendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi edamini lokudada.
(7) Izixhobo zokucoca ezijikelezayo aziyi kudityaniswa namanzi eshawa kunye nemibhobho yamanzi okusela.
(8) Indawo, apho kuzaliswa khona ukucoca, indawo yokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka ibekwe kwicala elinomoya ophantsi kwechibi lokuqubha kwaye kubekwe imiqondiso yesilumkiso.
(9) Igumbi lokucoca amanzi edamini lokudada kufuneka lixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokuchonga kunye nesokulumkisa esihambelana nokucocwa, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokufudunyezwa kwamanzi edamini. Kwaye ubeke uphawu olucacileyo.
(10) Kufuneka kubekho isixhobo sokucoca iinwele.
Umxholo ochazwe kweli nqaku usekelwe kuphela ekuqondeni komntu imigangatho nemigaqo yomthetho kwaye uqulunqwe ukuze abafundi babhekisele kuwo kuphela. Nceda ubhekisele kumaxwebhu asemthethweni ee-arhente zolawulo ezifanelekileyo zikarhulumente.
